Ancient+China+Review

King Wen: founded the Zhou dynasty King Wu: finished off the remains of the Shang dynasty and was too young to serve when his father initially died Duke of Zhou: while Wu was too young, the Duke took power and then willingly returned it to Wu when he came of age --> perfect example of Confucian values Spring and Autumn Period - feudal system of spreading power among many people begins Warring States Period: following the Spring and Autumn, all rulers fought each other for total control. Confucius was born among all the chaos.
 * Zhou Dynasty**

--Katie O'Brien

Legend: Pangue creates the earth from the cosmic egg Yellow Emperor: He created medicine and government. He is the first emperor according to legend though is probably mythological Yao, Shun, and Yu: 3 Sages, helped establish society, were not hereditary. Yu married Shun's daughters and kept them happy. As Yu was looking for a successor whom he was not related to, the people demanded his son to follow him, and so began hereditary kingship. Yu's son then established the Xia dynasty, the end of the golden age. - Confucius often looks back to the Golden age in his writings to understand and return to these old virtues
 * Golden Age **

-Connor Young

**Human beings and society** -- you should make yourself a good person and other people will follow you; closely connected to the Way of the Bamboo **Heaven** -- shows signs and controls the rulers, if rulers have good De/ virtue Heaven favors them

**The Way of the Bamboo** -- "The virtue of the gentleman is like the wind, the virtue of a small person is like the grass. When the wind blows over it, the grass must bend," i.e. by setting a good moral example, you will help shape the virtue of your inferiors.

-Andrea Keklak

**The Five Relationships** > > Istvan Moritz >
 * Father to Son - There should be kindness in the father, and filial piety in the son.
 * **Elder Brother to Younger Brother** - There should be gentility (politeness) in the elder brother, and humility in the younger.
 * **Husband to Wife** - The husband should be benevolent, and the wife should listen.
 * **Elder to Junior** - There should be consideration among the elders and deference among the juniors.
 * **Ruler to Subject** - There should be benevolence among the rulers and loyalty among the subjects.

__**Oracle bones**__-used to tell the future with fire. You write a message on the bones and drill a hole, a hot pocker is inserted into the hole which makes cracks in the bone and you read the cracks to answer the question.

__**Feng Shui**__- The Chinese art of placement. The organization of a space in pursuit of the most harmonious and auspicious place to live/work. The goal of Feng shui is to create balance. Feng shui affects a persons ch'i, and and can help alter a person luck -Shannon Prenetta

__**Confucianism**__ -Be virtuos -Remember the 5 virtues -Filial Piety -Junzi - self cultivation (between heaven and nature) -Learning / education -Focus on Civil Society -Virtue - morality, believes in punishment

__**Taoism**__ -Finding balance with nature -Philosophy of how to live life -"Unlearn what you have learned" -Learning through experience -Amoral -Yin / Yang most emphasized

__**Legalism**__ -Based on government needs. -Justice Strict and impartial -Obey your ruler -Political Philosophy -Structure, rules based. -People are amoral, slef-interest

-Michael Biggins

Xia Dynasty- the legend- no records of it, serves as a model. Started with Pangu and his egg from which the Earth emerged. Yellow Emperor- created government, and modern medicine -Hailey Melamut

Confucianism: father/son relationships and the government.

Confucianists believed that father son relationships were usually filled with compassion and love. Because of this, Confucianists believed that rulers should not rule their subjects as if they were his sons and daughters. Instead, confucianists believed in a government that was ruled by example. They did not wish for a ruler to be compassionate towards his subjects, but to merely believe in justice and fairness while ruling between his people.

Kyle Walker

Filial piety was an important value in Confucianism, and it was necessary to obey to be virtuous. It was critical to respect your parents, follow their example, and protect them from harm. Confucius valued filial piety over following the law; when Confucius heard of a man who turned in his father for stealing a sheep**,** Confucius said the man was not virtuous.
 * Filial Piety:**


 * -Alex Brown**

Confucius taught that there were five virtues that the gentleman must follow to live a virtuous life: li- ritual propriety ren- humanity, empathy yi- rightousness, just action zhi- wisdom xin- faithfulness, sincerity
 * The Five Virtues:**


 * -Brennan Beeler**

(//__**matt dawson**__//)
 * The Analects** were a collection of Confucius' ideas that were recorded primarily by his followers in order to spread Confucius's beliefs to others. The Analects are neither organized nor complete "philosophical discourses." Among other things, The Analects contain Confucius' views on the Gentlemen, Humanity, Filial Piety, and Government.

Yu married both of Shun's daughters and kept them happy. His son went on to establish the first Xia Dynasty.
 * Yu:**

I thought Yu, started the Xia dynasty....
 * __- Virchel Mack__**

From Daoism, Yin and Yang represent the duality of nature. Yin is the feminine side, associated with darkness, quiet, birth and water. Yang is the masculine side, associated with light, action and fire. Even though yin is a negative force, the world could not exist without both (night/day, cold/hot, birth/death). The Chinese believed that everything has yin and yang, and that an imbalance of the two forces can lead to problems such as sickness or death.
 * Yin/Yang**
 * - Deven**

Qi is translated as "breath" or "energy". It is the most important concept in feng shui. It is the leading factor affecting human life. Qi is a part of us from birth to death and is different in each person. Qi is the force that carries the body, all our movements are governed by qi. It can also influence one's destiny and social interactions.
 * Qi**
 * - Kevin Oh**

The Uncarved block is a symbol of a state of wu wei believed to be the true nature state of mind. Here we are no effected by experience and learned knowledge in order for pure potential and perception.
 * Uncarved Block**
 * - Sam Seng**

-Hailey Melamut
 * Dao-** the way- best described as the flow of the Universe
 * Yin/Yang-** two counterparts that could not exist without the other. Yin was considered to be slow, soft, yielding, cold, passive, moon, Earth, water. Yang was more along the lines of fast, hard, hot, dry, aggressive, sun, sky
 * the paradox of appearance and reality-** you must perceive the world as it is, and become one with the way, but oftentimes, illusion prevents that.
 * wu wei-** action without action- to align with Dao

//Classic of poetry-// songs-emotions/asethics //Classic of history-(docuements)-government rules of community// //Book of rites- social reform ceremonies// //Book of changes:I ching- our links to nature// //Spring&Autmn Annals- collective memory shaped by intellectuals// //-nyah berg//
 * The Five Classics**

//**The Mandate of Heaven**// Chinese emperors derived much of their legitimacy to rule by proclaiming Heaven's approval of their kingship. Therefore, if a natural disaster were to strike, this would be seen as proof of a dynasty's corruption or apparent lack of legitimacy. Misrule could provoke these signs of divine disapproval, in many cases either by failing to properly honor the gods, or by abusing the people, etc. Without the Mandate bestowed by Heaven, a Dynasty could fall on its own (or be overthrown by the people), and a new ruler installed, one with better divine sanction...
 * -**//Adam Hodges-LeClaire//

=**//LAO ZI//**= http://www.iep.utm.edu/laozi/ -DJ Sam Seng
 * //1. Being bad at something//**
 * //2.//** Laozi is the name of a legendary [|Daoist] philosopher, the alternate title of the early Chinese text better known in the West as the//Daodejing//, and the moniker of a deity in the pantheon of organized “religious Daoism” that arose during the later Han dynasty (25-220 CE). //Laozi// is the pinyin Romanization for the Chinese characters which mean “Old Master.” Laozi is also known as Lao Tan (“Old Tan”) in early Chinese sources (see[|Romanization systems for Chinese terms] ). The [|//Zhuangzi//] is the first text to use //Laozi// as a personal name and to identify //Laozi//and //Lao Tan//. The earliest materials associated with Laozi are in the //Zhuangzi//’s Inner Chapters. The Outer Chapters of that work have ten logia in which Laozi is the main figure, four of which contain direct attacks on the [|Confucian] virtues of //ren//, //yi//, and //li//that are reminiscent of passages from the //Daodejing// and probably date from the period in which that collection was reaching some near final form. The earliest ascription of authorship of the //Daodejing// to Laozi is in //Han Feizi// and the //Huainanzi//, but several themes from the Laozi logia of the //Zhuangzi// are traceable into the //Daodejing// and on at least two occasions in that text Laozi counsels following //dao// (the Way) to possess //de// (virtue). Laozi became a principal figure in institutionalized religious forms of Daoism. He was often associated with many transformations and incarnations of the //dao// itself.


 * Xia Dynasty - ** 2070 B.C - 1600 B.C. First dynasty of China in known history.


 * -->>>** __**Confucianism : A Basic Understanding**__ **Hope it Helps :)**

**The main principle of Confucianism is** //ren// ("humaneness" or "benevolence"), signifying excellent character in accord with //li// (ritual norms), //zhong// (loyalty to one's true nature), //shu// (reciprocity), and //xiao// (filial piety). Together these constitute //de// (virtue).

Confucianism is characterized by a highly optmistic view of**human nature**. The faith in the possibility of ordinary human beings to become awe-inspiring sages and worthies is deeply rooted in the Confucian heritage (Confucius himself lived a rather ordinary life), and the insistence that human beings are teachable, improvable, and perfectible through personal and communal endeavour is typically Confucian. Confucius regarded **<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Heaven **<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">( //<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">T'ien ) //**as a positive and personal force in the universe; he was not, as some have supposed, an agnostic or a skeptic.**

<span style="display: inline !important;">The //Lun-yü// (**Analects**) are the most revered sacred scripture in the Confucian tradition. It was probably compiled by the second generation of Confucius' disciples. Based primarily on the Master's sayings, preserved in both oral and written transmissions, it captures the Confucian spirit in the same way that the Platonic dialogues embody Socratic teachings.


 * The** Confucian Canon**achieved its present form in the Sung dynasty under the direction of Chu Hsi (1130-1200). It consists of the**Five Classics**and the**Four Books**.**
 * The**Five Classics**are:**
 * 1) **//Shu Ching//(Classic of History) - collection of documents and speeches dating from the Later Han Dynasty (23-220 CE)**
 * 2) **//Shih Ching//(Classic of Odes) - collection of 300 poems and songs from the early Chou Dynasty (1027-402 BC)**
 * 3) **//I Ching//(Classic of Changes) - collection of texts on divination based on a set of 64 hexagrams that reflect the relationship between Yin and Yang in nature and society**
 * 4) **//Ch'un Ching//(Spring and Autumn Annals) - extracts from the history of the state of Lu 722-484, said to be compiled by Confucius**
 * 5) **//Li Ching//(Classic of Rites) - consists of three books on the//Li//(Rites of Propriety)**

The **Four Books** are:
 * 1) //Lun Yu//(Analects) of Confucius
 * 2) //Chung Yung//(Doctrine of the Mean)
 * 3) //Ta Hsueh//(Great Learning)
 * 4) //Meng Tzu//(Mencius)

__**Famous Confucius Quotes (Practice For The Test)**__

** <span class="body" style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: normal;">"A superior man is modest in his speech, but exceeds in his actions." **

** <span class="body" style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: normal;">"Ability will never catch up with the demand for it." **

** <span class="body" style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: normal;">"An oppressive government is more to be feared than a tiger." **

** <span class="body" style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: normal;">"And remember, no matter where you go, there you are b <span class="body" style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: normal;">etter a diamond with a flaw than a pebble without." **

** <span class="body" style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: normal;">"By three methods we may learn wisdom: First, by reflection, which is noblest; Second, by imitation, which is easiest; and third by experience, which is the bitterest." **

** <span class="body" style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: normal;">"Choose a job you love, and you will never have to work a day in your life." **

** <span class="body" style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: normal;">"Death and life have their determined appointments; riches and honors depend upon heaven." **

** <span class="body" style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: normal;">"Do not impose on others what you yourself do not desire." **

** <span class="body" style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: normal;">"Everything has beauty, but not everyone sees it." **

** <span class="body" style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: normal;">"Go before the people with your example, and be laborious in their affairs." **

** <span class="body" style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: normal;">"He who exercises government by means of his virtue may be compared to the north polar star, which keeps its place and all the stars turn towards it." **


 * <span class="body" style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: normal;">"He who learns but does not think, is lost! He who thinks but does not learn is in great danger." **


 * <span class="body" style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: normal;">"He who speaks without modesty will find it difficult to make his words good." **


 * <span class="body" style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: normal;">"Heaven means to be one with God." **


 * <span class="body" style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: normal;">"I hear and I forget. I see and I remember. I do and I understand." **


 * <span class="body" style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: normal;">"I hear, I know. I see, I remember. I do, I understand." **


 * <span class="body" style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: normal;">"I want you to be everything that's you, deep at the center of your being." **


 * <span class="body" style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: normal;">"I will not be concerned at other men's not knowing me;I will be concerned at my own want of ability."<- **


 * <span class="body" style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Nidjie Clerge. **