Midterm+Review

**http://tinyurl.com/asianreviewguide ** pretty much everything is here, at least once

Siddartha Gautama (life story): He grew up as a prince and was sheltered from the outside world by his father. When he finally saw what life was like outside of the palace, he was shocked and scared by the suffering that occurred there. He made it his mission to find the meaning of life and to discover how to end human suffering.

Middle/8-fold Path Prajna (wisdom) Shila (morality) Samadhi (concentration)
 * Right understanding: understanding concepts of Buddhism
 * Right Mindedness: applying Dharma to your own life
 * Right speech: telling the truth, kind words, no gossip
 * Right action: no killing, stealing, raping, adultery, intoxication
 * Right livelihood: being in a profession not harmful to other living things, serving and helping other people
 * Right efforts: concentration, focus
 * Right mindfulness: aware of surroundings, focusing on breathing
 * Right concentration: meditation itself

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">Buddhist Wheel of Life (What he learned on his night of Enlightenment) <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">Ego/Delusion/Samsara <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">Samsara: the cycle of life, death and rebirth <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">“Clinging” desire/hatred: <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">The cause of all suffering

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">Karma: <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: 15px;">Good karma results in rebirth in a better world, while bad karma results in your rebirth in a bad one

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">Six worlds There are 6 realms in which you can be reborn: realm of hell beings, hungry ghosts, animals, humans, demigods, and gods. Each has a different amount of suffering and happiness that someone reborn there will experience. Then realms of hell being, hungry ghosts, and animals are the three lower realms and have more suffering than happiness. The realms of humans, demigods, and gods are the higer realms and have more happiness. Only in the human realm where there is a mix of suffering and happiness can you become enlightened. -Connor Young

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">Chain of dependent causation

1. Ignorance, 2. Disposition, 3. Consciousness, 4. Name and Form, 5. Six Sense fields, 6. Contact, 7. Feeling, 8. Desire, 9. Appropriation, 10. Becoming, 11. Rebirth, 12. Aging and Dying. All leading into the next one, forming an everlasting circle, they are all dependant on the ones before, this is the chain of dependant causation. -Virchel and Jess

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">Nirvana/enlightenment

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">Buddha

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">4 Noble Truths <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">1. Life is Suffering <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">2. Suffering is caused by attachment <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">3. To end suffering, end attachment <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">4. To end attachment, follow the 8-fold path

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">Eightfold Path (General Ideas)

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">Three Jewels: <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">Buddha (himself), Dharma (beliefs of Buddhism), Sangha (the community)

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: 15px;">Theravada Buddhism (Key Ideas): "Selfish" and original sect of Buddhism. It is considered selfish by Mahayanists because Theravada Buddhists believe that everyone has to find nirvana for themselves, so there's no point in staying behind to help others.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">Arhat- <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">Someone who has almost reached or reached enlightenment and moves on escaping samsara and becoming one with vidya in nirvana.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">Buddha Statues (Symbolism)

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">Ashoka: Indian King known for helping to spread Buddhism throughout Asia. His rule is known as the Golden Age of Buddhism.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">Stupas: A place where Buddhist relics are housed

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">Relics: Body parts or possessions of the Buddha/saints

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">Mahayana Buddhism (key ideas): Another sect of Buddhism, in which people who have attained enlightenment (Bodhisattvas) can choose to be reborn in order to help others achieve nirvana.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">Bodhisattvas: In Mahayan, enlightened people who choose to be reborn to help others achieve enlightenment.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">Mandalas: Visual symbols of the mind of Buddha (usually created by Tibetan monks?)

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">Rough ideas of Asia where different types of Buddhism spread

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">Ideographic Language (definition, use of in Asia, differences between Japanese and Chinese)

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">Uji - partially self governing tribes which controlled most of the land in Japan before the sixth century. These tribes were bound to the ruling family of the Yamato group. This bond was made of mythological ties and real or fake kinship bonds. Uji had their own chief and contolled other subordinate uji.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">Shinto (definition, Beliefs and practices, basics of creation myth)

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">Kami

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">Prince Shotoku - was a prominent politician of the Asuka period. He controlled Japanese policies through empress Suiko, one of his relatives. He was a strong supporter of Buddhism and is well known for importing Chinese and Buddhist ideas. He created a constitution based on Chinese Confucianism, instituted a court ranking system, and copied Chinese architecture in the Japanese capital. He also started the politics of indirect rule through the emperor, beginning a trend of undermining the emperor's political power.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">Taika Reform (What was borrowed/not borrowed from China)

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">Waka

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">Tale of Genji

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">Feudalism

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">Shogun

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">Daimyo

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">Samurai (role & change over time)

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">Bushido (definition, key values, origins)
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: 15px;">From Buddhism-detachment from death, live honorably, discipline, self-restraint
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: 15px;">From Confucianism-filial piety, virtue, loyalty, obedience (5 fundamental relationships)
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: 15px;">From Shintoism-importance of ritual, patriotism, fate, Japanese superiority

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">Hagakure

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">Zen

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">Koan

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">Role of Emperor

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">Tokugawa Shogunate

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">Edo

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">Commodore Mathew Perry (demands, Japanese response)

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">Meiji Restoration (definition, goals, reasoning, results)

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">Japanese Imperialism (reasons-internal/external factors) <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">Sino-Japanese War

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">Russo-Japanese war

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">Creation of Manchuquo

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">WWII <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">Greater east Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">Japanese conduct

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">Rape of Nanking

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">Comfort Women

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">US conduct in WWII in the Pacific

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">Nationalism/Soldier Zen

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">US Occupation of Japan (goals, results)

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">“Japanese miracle” ie. economic miracle (definition, origin)

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">Zaibatsu- Japanese Mega corps- were dissolved during the U.S. occupation of Japan following WWII. Were reorganized in order to help the Japanese economy.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">Diet

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">Nihonjinron: The idea that Japan is completely unique. It is used often as a marketing ploy ( ex: "you need to buy special Japanese skis because the snow is different here"). Apart from marketing, nihonjinron crops up in the beliefs of many Japanese -- they insist that their culture is unique, and no outsider will be able to truly speak the language/ understand the Japanese.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">Current Economic status

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">Japan Today